Lapis ISSN 2398-2969
Azithromycin
Contributor(s): Ron Rees Davies
Introduction
Name
Uses
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Indications
- As broad spectrum antibacterial for consideration when safer alternatives have proved ineffective
- In situations where penicillins might be considered in other species, but where the severe risks of penicillin use in rabbits prevent their use.
- To assist in the management of rabbit abscesses, since it is particularly effective against the commonly associated bacteria (Pasteurella Pasteurella multocida ,Staphyloccocus Staphylococcus spp , anaerobes).
- Management of respiratory tract infections.
- Management of mild to moderate skin and soft tissue infection.
- Treatment of non-tubercular mycobacterial infections.
- In man is used as a single dose for treatment of genital chlamydial infections.
- Active against gram positive cocci (except someStaphylococci), gram positive bacilli, some gram negative bacilli, (such asHaemophilusandPasteurellaspp).
- Also effective against:
- Mycobacteria.
- Anaerobes.
- Chlamydiaspp.
- Mycoplasmaspp.
- Toxoplasmaspp Toxoplasma gondii .
- Some strains ofActinomyes,Nocardia,Chlamydia, andRickettsiaare inhibited by azithromycin.
- Resistance is exhibited by most strains ofPseudomonasspp,E. coliandKlebsiella.
- Widely used experimentally in rabbit models of human chlamydial disease, atherosclerosis and osteomyelitis.
Administration
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Pharmocokinetics
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Precautions
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Interactions
with other drugs
- Increases serum levels of:
- Methylprednisolone Methylprednisolone .
- Theophylline.
- Terfenadine.
- Warfarin.
- Enhances absorption of digoxin.
Adverse Reactions
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Further Reading
Publications
Refereed papers
- Recent references from PubMed and VetMedResource.
- Tyrell K L, Citron D M, Jenkins J R et al (2002) Periodontal bacteria in rabbit mandibular and maxillary abscesses. J Clin Microbiol 40 (3), 1044-1047 PubMed.
- Karcioglu Z A, Ahmed W S, Raines D et al (1999) Pharmacokinetics of azithromycinin in rabbit lacrimal glands and conjunctiva. Ophthalmic Res 31 (1), 47-52 PubMed.
- Shirtliff M E, Mader J T & Calhoun J (1999) Oral rifampin plus azithromycin or clarithromycin to treat osteomyelitis in rabbits. Clin Orthop Relat Res (359), 229-36 PubMed.
Other sources of information
- Small Animal Formulary. Tennant, Bryn (1999) 3rd edn. Cheltenham: BSAVA.