Introduction

• Radiography following injection of contrast into urethra.
• Allows visualization of urethra.

Uses

• Investigation of dysuria.
• Investigation of hematuria Hematuria of suspected lower urinary tract origin.
• Investigation of urinary obstruction, eg urethral calculi.
• Allows identification of patency of urethra Urethra: obstruction.
• Assessment of presence of urethral disease.
• Post-trauma, allows identification of urethal rupture    Urethra: rupture.
• Investigation of urinary incontinence Urinary incontinence.
• May give information on bladder disease if unable to pass catheter due to urethral obstruction.
• Investigation of prostatic disease.

Disadvantages

• May not identify functional urethral obstructions, eg urethral spasm, reflex dyssynergia.

Requirements

Preparation

Procedure

Aftercare

Outcomes

Further Reading

Publications

Refereed papers

• Recent references from PubMed and VetMedResource.
• Johnston G R, Stevens J B, Jessen C R et al (1983) Complications of retrograde contrast urethrography in dogs and cats. Am J Vet Res 44 (7), 1248-1256 PubMed.
• Johnston G R, Feeney D A & Osbourne C A (1982) Urethrography and cystography in cats 1. techniques, normal radiographic anatomy and artefacts. Comp Cont Ed Pract Vet 4, 823-836.
• Barsanti J A, Crowell W, Losonsky J et al (1981) Complications of bladder distention during retrograde urethography. Am J Vet Res 42 (5), 819-821 PubMed.
• Ackerman N (1980) Use of the pediatric Foley catheter for positive-contrast retrograde urethography. Mod Vet Pract 61 (8), 684-686 PubMed.