Felis ISSN 2398-2950
Esophagitis
Contributor(s): Ed Hall, Philip K Nicholls, James Simpson
Introduction
- Causes: gastro-esophageal reflux during general anesthesia, hiatal hernia, calicivirus infection, foreign bodies, ingestion of caustic chemicals or hot food, persistent vomiting.
- Signs: dysphagia, anorexia, excessive salivation and regurgitation.
- Diagnosis: endoscopy.
- Treatment: correct underlying cause, antacids, nothingper osfor 24 h.
Pathogenesis
Etiology
- Exposure of mucosa to chemicals, high temperatures, low pH, feline calicivirus or sharp edged object.
- Decreased lower esophageal sphincter tone → gastro-esophageal reflux.
Predisposing factors
General
- General anesthetic → gastro-esophageal reflux.
- Acute or chronic vomiting Vomiting .
- Feline calicivirus infection Feline calicivirus .
- Licking of chemicals.
Pathophysiology
- Chemical, thermal, viral insult to mucosa → inflammation → pain, abnormal motility and bleeding.
- Gastro-esophageal reflux/hiatus hernia → low pH → mucosal inflammation.
- Foreign body, eg bone Esophagus: foreign body → mucosal damage → may result in perforation Esophagus: perforation mediastinitis.
Timecourse
- Variable dependent on etiology - hours if chemical ingestion.
Diagnosis
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Treatment
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Outcomes
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Further Reading
Publications
Refereed papers
- Recent references from PubMed and VetMedResource.
- Han E, Broussard J & Baer K E (2003) Feline esophagitis secondary to gastroesophageal reflux disease: clinical signs and radiographic, endoscopic, and histopathological findings. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 39 (2), 161-167 PubMed.
- Salapatek A M, Diamant N E (1993) Assessment of neural inhibition of the lower esophageal sphincter in cats with esophagitis. Gastroenterology 104 (3), 810-818 PubMed.
- Geisinger K R, Cassidy K T, Nardi R et al (1990) The histologic development of acid-induced esophagitis in the cat. Mod Pathol 3 (5), 619-624 PubMed.
- Katz P O, Geisinger K R, Hassan M et al (1988) Acid-induced esophagitis in cats is prevented by sucralfate but not synthetic prostaglandin E. Dig Dis Sci 33 (2), 217-224 PubMed.
- Clark S, Katz P O, Wu W C et al (1987) Comparison of potential cytoprotective action of sucralfate and cimetidine - Studies with experimental feline esophagitis. Am J Med 83 (3B), 56-60 PubMed.