Canis ISSN: 2398-2942
Anti-platelet antibody
Synonym(s): APlA
Contributor(s): Vetstream Ltd
Overview
- Platelet factor 3 (PF3) test detects platelet damage caused by antibody, therefore indirect test for antibody.
- More direct tests: anti-megakaryocyte antibody and more recent anti-platelet antibody test.
Sampling
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Tests
Methodologies
Platelet-associated antibody tests
- Immunofluorescence, ELISA, radioimmunoassay, electron microscopy using a staphylococcal protein A-colloidal gold conjugate, flow cytometry.
- Direct methods: use whole blood, EDTA sample.
- Indirect methods: sample serum or plasma tested against pooled normal platelets.
Anti-megakaryocyte antibody test
- Detects megakaryocyte-associated immunoglobulin.
- Positive test may also suggest presence of antibodies against platelets.
- May be more sensitive than PF3 test.
Platelet factor 3 test
- Platelets damaged by antibody release increased PF3.
- Determined by accelerated activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT).
- Indirect.
- Rarely used due to many false negatives.
Availability
- Limited in UK.
- Cambridge University Vet School (UK) performs antibody test (EDTA sample).
Validity
Sensitivity
- Direct anti-platelet antibody tests: low sensitivity due to low numbers of platelets.
- Indirect tests: 70-95% sensitive.
Specificity
- Indirect tests: false positives in patients with other immune-mediated diseases, non-immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, neoplasia.
Technique (intrinsic) limitations
- Absolute confirmation of immune-mediated disease.
- Information about source of anti-platelet antibody.
Technician (extrinsic) limitations
Result Data
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Further Reading
Publications
Refereed papers
- Recent references from VetMedResource and PubMed.
- Campbell K L et al (1984) Application of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of anti-platelet antibodies in dogs. Am J Vet Res 45, 2561.
- McVey D S & Shuman W S (1989) Detection of antiplatelet immunoglobulin in thrombocytopenic dogs. Vet Immuno Immunopathol 22, 101.