Beak / claw overgrowth
A reptile either being kept on inappropriate substrate with no opportunities to wear down nails, and/or fed an inappropriate diet often from an inappropriate surface, can suffer from beak and/or claw overgrowth.
Written by Sonya Miles BVSc CertAVP (ZooMed) MRCVS
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Venipuncture
Blood sampling is required for diagnostic purposes. In a healthy guinea pig, sample volume that can be safely removed is equivalent to 1% of its bodyweight or approximately 10% of its circulating blood volume. For most that is 0.5-3.0 mL.
Written by Cathy Johnson-Delaney DVM
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Bacterial pneumonia
Bacterial pneumonia is relatively uncommon in ferrets, usually occurring secondary to an underlying disease or process, eg viral infection, aspiration pneumonia, etc. It can be characterized by a suppurative inflammation affecting the bronchial tree and/or lung lobes.
Written by Cathy Johnson-Delaney DVM
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Horner's syndrome
Horner's syndrome describes a collection of autonomic clinical signs arising as a result of the interruption of the sympathetic pathway between the hindbrain and the target organs in the head.
Causes are variable, but include damage within brain/spinal cord or to cervical sympathetic trunk; associated with otitis media.
Update by Vicki Baldrey BSc(Hons) BVSc DZooMed(Avian) MRCVS
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Image: Beak overgrowth: lower jaw - chelonia ©Sonya Miles