Feline panleukopenia virus disease

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Sections available in full article Introduction, Presenting signs, Acute presentation, Age predisposition, Pathogenesis, Etiology, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology (population dynamics), Diagnosis, Presenting problems, Clinical signs, Diagnostic investigation, Confirmation of diagnosis, Gross autopsy findings, Histopathology findings, Differential diagnosis, Treatment, Standard treatment, Prevention, Control, Sequelae, Prognosis, Sources, Publications, Vetstream contributor(s),
Contributors Dr Kim Willoughby BVMS PhD MRCVS
Dr Stephen Barr BVSc MVS PhD DipACVIM
Dr Severine Tasker BSc BVSc DSAM CertSAM DipECVIM-ca MRCVS
Synonyms Parvovirus, FPV, feline infectious enteritis, FIE

Introduction

  • Cause : feline panleucopenia virus is a parvovirus.
  • Signs : fetus - abortion, cerebellar hypoplasia; young kittens (neonates, <3 weeks old) - cerebellar hypoplasia, sudden death; older kittens/cats - enteritis, panleucopenia.
  • Diagnosis : signs, history, hematology, detection of FPV antigen in feces, histopathology.
  • Treatment : nursing care, IV fluids, antibiotics, metoclopramide  Metoclopramide  .
  • Prognosis : mortality 25-75%.

Print off the owner factsheet on feline panleucopenia  Feline panleukopenia (Feline infectious enteritis)   to give to your client.

Diagnosis

Clinical signs

  • Fever (progresses to hypothermia).
  • Anorexia.
  • Vomiting (early).
  • Diarrhea (late)- severe and watery, can be hemorrhagic.
  • Neurological disease :
    • In neonatal/late pregnancy infection.
    • Cerebellar ataxia with intention tremor (normal mentation). 
    • Forebrain signs (eg seizures).
  • Severe dehydration.
  • Abdominal palpation: pain, thickened intestine, enlarged lymph nodes.
  • Sudden death: secondary to bacteremia (due to neutropenia). Mortality rate >90% in kittens.
    If survive >5 days, will usually recover, but may have long term effects.

Diagnosis

Differential diagnosis

Enteritis
  • Intestinal foreign bodies  Intestine: foreign body - linear  .
  • Intussusception  Intussusception  .
  • Acute bacterial septicemia  Shock: septic  .
  • Salmonellosis  Salmonellosis  .
  • Campylobacteriosis.
  • Poisoning  Poisoning: overview  .
  • Retrovirus-associated enteritis.

Neurological disease

  • Trauma.
  • Lysosomal storage disease  Storage disease  .
  • Portosystemic shunt  Portosystemic shunt  .
  • Cerebellar dysplasia (abiotrophy).
  • Nutritional disease (in utero).
  • Teratological disease (in utero).
  • Feline leukemia virus disease  Feline leukemia virus disease  .

Sequelae

Prognosis

  • FIE - 25-75% mortality and up to 90% in kittens.

Sources

Publications

Refereed papers

  • Recent references fromPubMed.
  • Jas D, Aeberle C, Lacombe V, Guiot A L & Poulet H (2009)Onset of immunity in kittens after vaccination with a on-adjuvanted vaccine against feline panleucopenia, feline calicivirus and feline herpesvirus.Vet J182, 86-93PubMed.
  • Truyen U, Addie D, Belak S, Boucraut-Baralon C, Egberink H, Frymus T, Gruffyd-Jones T, Hartmann K, Hosie M J, Lloret A, Lutz H, Marsilio F, Pennisi M G, Radford A D, Thiry E & Horzinek M C (2009)Feline panleukopenia. ABCD guidelines on prevention and management.J Feline Med Surg11, 538-546PubMed.
  • Paltinieri S, Crippa A, Comerio T, Angioletti A & Roccabianca P (2007)Evaluation of inflammation and immunity in cats with spontaneous parvovirus infection: consequences of recombinant feline interferon-omega administration.Vet Immunol Immunopathol118, 68-74PubMed.
  • Gamoh K, Senda M, Inoue Y & Itoh O (2005)Efficacy of an inactivated feline panleucopenia virus vaccine against a canine parvovirus isolated from a domestic cat.Vet Rec157, 285-287PubMed.
  • Cave T A, Thompson H, Reid S W, Hodgson D R & Addie D D (2002)Kitten mortality in the United Kingdom: a retrospective analysis of 274 histopathological examinations (1986 to 2000).Vet Rec151, 497-501PubMed.
  • Lappin M R, Andrews J, Simpson D & Jensen W A (2002)Use of serologic tests to predict resistance to feline herpesvirus 1, feline calicivirus, and feline parvovirus infection in cats.JAVMA220, 38-42PubMed.
  • Dawson S, Willoughby K, Gaskell R M, Wood G & Chalmers W S K (2001)A field trial to assess the effect of vaccination against feline herpesvirus, feline calicivirus and feline panleucopenia virus in 6-week-old kittens.JFMS3, 17-22PubMed.
  • Nakamura K, Sakamoto M, Ikeda Y, Sato E, Kawakimi K, Miyazawa T, Tohya Y, Takahashi E, Mikami T & Mochizuki M (2001)Pathogenic potential of canine parvovirus types 2a and 2c in domestic cats.Clin Diagn Lab Immunol8(3), 663-668PubMed.
  • Addie D D, Toth S, Thompson H, Greenwood N & Jarrett J O (1998)Detection of feline parvovirus in dying pedigree kittens.Vet Rec142, 353-356PubMed.

Other sources of information

  • Green C E (1998)Feline panleukopeniaInInfectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat.Ed: C E Greene, 2nd ed. Philadelphia:W B Saunders. pp 52-57.

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