Lymphocytic plasmacytic enteritis

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Sections available in full article Introduction, Presenting signs, Pathogenesis, Etiology, Pathophysiology, Timecourse (incubation, duration), Diagnosis, Presenting problems, Client history, Clinical signs, Diagnostic investigation, Confirmation of diagnosis, Gross autopsy findings, Histopathology findings, Differential diagnosis, Treatment, Standard treatment, Subsequent management, Sequelae, Prognosis, Expected response to treatment, Reasons for treatment failure, Sources, Publications, Vetstream contributor(s),
Contributors Dr Philip K Nicholls BVSc BSc PhD MRCVS FRCPath
Prof Ed Hall MA VetMB PhD DipECVIM MRCVS
Dr Kenneth Simpson BVMS PhD
Synonyms Inflammatory bowel disease, IBD

Introduction

  • An idiopathic chronic inflammatory disease of small and/or large intestine  Inflammatory bowel disease: overview  .
  • Cause : unknown; immune-mediated sensitivity to range of possible antigens, eg diet, parasite, bacteria etc.
  • Signs : vomiting, diarrhea and weight loss.
  • Diagnosis : intestinal biopsy and histopathology, (infiltration of lamina propria by lymphocytes and plasmacytes).
  • Treatment : diet and immunosuppression.

Diagnosis

Clinical signs

  • Thickened intestinal loops.
  • Enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes.
  • Symmetric alopecia.
  • Poor body condition + haircoat.

Diagnosis

Differential diagnosis

  • Other causes of diarrhea  Diarrhea: dietary  .
  • Other causes of vomiting  Vomiting  .
  • Intestinal neoplasia  Large intestine: neoplasia  , see lymphoma  Lymphoma  .
  • Renal failure  Kidney: chronic kidney disease  .
  • Neoplasia of other systems.
  • Hyperthyroidism  Hyperthyroidism  .
  • Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency  Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency  .
  • Toxemia.
  • Hepatic disease  Liver: chronic disease  .
  • Eosinophilic enteritis.
  • Lymphangiectasia.
  • Dysphagia/swallowing disorders.
  • Chronic vomiting/regurgitation.
  • Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth.
  • Drug therapy.
  • Gluten sensitive enteropathy.
    Often intercurrent IBD, pancreatitis and liver disease (cholangiohepatitis in cats). /li>

Sequelae

Prognosis

  • Fair.
  • May need life-long treatment.

Expected response to treatment

  • Resolution of clinical signs within 1-2 weeks of treatment starting.
  • Weight gain over 4-8 weeks.

Reasons for treatment failure

  • Dietary indiscretion in some cases.

Sources

Publications

Refereed papers

  • Guilford G Wet al(2001)Food sensitivity in cats with chronic idiopathic gastrointestinal problems.JVIM15(1), 7-13.
  • Simpson K Wet al(2001)Subnormal concentrations of serum cobalamin (vitamin B12) in cats with gastrointestinal disease.JVIM15(1), 26-32.
  • Weiss D J, Gagne J M & Armstrong P J (1996)Relationship between inflammatory hepatic disease and inflammatory bowel disease, pancreatitis, and nephritis in cats.JAVMA209(6), 1114-1116.
  • Yamasaki Ket al(1996)Comparison of gastric and duodenal lesions in dogs and cats with and without lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis.JAVMA209(1), 95-97.
  • Edwards D Fet al(1987)Probable vitamin K-deficient bleeding in two cats with malabsorption syndrome secondary to lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis.J Vet Intern Med1(3), 97-101.
  • Willard M Det al(1985)Lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis in a cat.JAVMA186(2), 181-182.

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