Salmonellosis

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Sections available in full article Introduction, Presenting signs, Acute presentation, Age predisposition, Special risks (e.g. anesthetic), Pathogenesis, Etiology, Predisposing factors, Pathophysiology, Timecourse (incubation, duration), Epidemiology (population dynamics), Diagnosis, Presenting problems, Client history, Clinical signs, Diagnostic investigation, Differential diagnosis, Treatment, Standard treatment, Prevention, Control, Sequelae, Prognosis, Expected response to treatment, Sources, Publications, Vetstream contributor(s),
Contributors Dr Kenneth Simpson BVMS PhD

Introduction

  • Zoonotic enteric disease, usually subclinical infection - adult cats show a high natural resistance to infection unless intercurrent disease +/- immunosuppression; chronic carriers represent public health risk, particularly to the elderly, young and immunocompromized.
  • Signs : subclinical (asymptomatic); enterocolitis; bacteremia.
  • Diagnosis : bacterial isolation; fecal analysis, blood culture.
  • Treatment : symptomatic - use of antibiotics confined to severe cases.
  • Prognosis : good - in self-limiting disease; poor - bacteremic cases and chronic carriers.

Diagnosis

Clinical signs

Gastroenteritis
  • Abdominal pain.
  • Bloody mucoid diarrhea.

Bacteremia

  • Pyrexia.

Diagnosis

Differential diagnosis

Causes of diarrhea
  • Coronavirus .
  • Parvovirus  Feline panleucopenia virus disease  (feline panleukopenia - can be very difficult to distinguish from salmonellosis).
  • Dietary diarrhea  Diarrhea: dietary  .
  • FeLV  Feline leukemia virus disease  .
  • Alimentary lymphoma  Lymphoma  .

Sequelae

Prognosis

  • Usually good - possible mortality in immunosuppressed patient or if endotoxemia and septicemia.
  • Consider euthanasia in chronic carriers.

Expected response to treatment

  • Resolution of diarrhea within 3-4 weeks.

Sources

Publications

Refereed papers

  • Recent references fromPubMed.
  • Philbey A W, Brown F M, Mather H A, Coia J E & Taylor D J (2009)Salmonellosis in cats in the United Kingdom: 1955 to 2007.Vet Rec164, 120-122PubMed.
  • Foley J Eet al(1999)Outbreak of fatal salmonellosis in cats following use of a high-titer modified-live panleukopenia virus vaccine.JAVMA214(1), 67-70.
  • No authors listed (1997)Salmonellosis.JSAP38(8), 375-376.
  • Low J Cet al(1996)Multiple-resistant Salmonella typhimurium DT104 in cats.Lancet348(9039), 1391.
  • Wall P Get al(1996)Multiresistant Salmonella typhimurium DT104 in cats - a public health risk.Lancet348(9025), 471.
  • McDonough P Let al(1996)Diagnosing emerging bacterial infections - salmonellosis, campylobacteriosis, clostridial toxicosis, and helicobacteriosis.Semin Vet Med Surg (Small Anim)11(3), 187-197.
  • Wall P Get al(1995)Chronic carriage of multidrug resistant Salmonella typhimurium in a cat.JSAP36(6), 279-281.
  • Reilly G Aet al(1994)Feline stillbirths associated with mixed Salmonella typhimurium and leptospira infection.Vet Rec135(25), 608.
  • Rodriguwz C O Jret al(1993)Salmonella choleraesuis pneumonia in a cat without signs of gastrointestinal tract disease.JAVMA202(6), 953-955.
  • Pelzer K D (1989)Salmonellosis.JAVMA195(4), 456-463.

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