Large intestine: neoplasia

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Sections available in full article Introduction, Presenting signs, Age predisposition, Pathogenesis, Etiology, Predisposing factors, Diagnosis, Presenting problems, Client history, Clinical signs, Diagnostic investigation, Confirmation of diagnosis, Histopathology findings, Treatment, Standard treatment, Sequelae, Prognosis, Reasons for treatment failure, Sources, Vetstream contributor(s),
Contributors Dr Irene Rochlitz BVSc MSc PhD
Dr William Brewer Jr DVM DiplACVIM Oncology and Internal Medicine

Introduction

  • Cause : malignant lymphoma is most common type (adenocarcinoma of large intestine is uncommon, usually involves the colon).
  • Signs constipation, anal discharge.
  • Diagnosis : rectal examination and proctoscopy if lower colorectal lesions.
  • Treatment : wide surgical excision if localized lesion, chemotherapy if diffuse.
  • Prognosis : guarded.
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Diagnosis

Clinical signs

  • Visible or palpable rectal /colonic mass/thickening.

Sequelae

Prognosis

  • Prognosis for malignant lesions of the large intestine is less favorable than those involving the small intestine.
  • Local recurrence and regional metastasis are common complications after surgery for malignant cases.

Reasons for treatment failure

  • Incomplete resection of lesion.
  • Metastasis prior to treatment.

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