Equine adenovirus infection (EAI)

Introduction

• Widespread infection caused by Equine adenovirus (EAV)    .
• Incidence : subclinical: widespread in normal foals; acute: immunodeficient foals (especially Arabian).
• Signs : usually subclinical; mild upper respiratory tract (URT) disease in normal foals; immunodeficiency    may   →   severe interstitial pneumonia   →   death.
• Diagnosis : virus isolation.
• Treatment : usually unnecessary; symptomatic.
• Prognosis : good except in Arabian foals with SCID syndrome  [Immunology: combined immunodeficiency]  when grave.
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Diagnosis

Differential diagnosis

• Other causes of coughing  [Lung: pneumonia - bacterial]   [Coughing]  .
• Other causes of nasal discharge.
• Other causes of dyspnea.

Diagnosis

Clinical signs

• Mild URT infection.
• Cough.
• Conjunctivitis.
• Fever - mild and transient.
• Diarrhea.
• Mild bilateral nasal discharge.

• Severe interstitial and bronchopneumonia with muffled normal airway sounds and extensive adventitious noises.
• Cough.
• Ocular/nasal discharge.

• Fever.
• Ulcerated oral mucosa.
• Diarrhea.

Outcomes

Prognosis

• Generally: good.
• Arab foals with SCID: grave.