Urinalysis: glucose

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Sections available in full article Overview, Uses, Sampling, Source of test material, Quantity of test material, Sample collection technique, Quality control, Test (s), Methodologies, Availability, Validity, Technique (intrinsic) limitations, Result data, Normal (reference) values, Abnormal values, Errors and Artifacts, Sources, Publications, Vetstream contributor(s),
Contributors Dr Kathleen P Freeman DVM MS PhD MRCVS

Overview

  • Presence of glucose in urine → blood glucose has exceeded renal threshold.
  • Usually the result of high serum/plasma glucose.
  • Can be due to low renal threshold, eg Fanconi's syndrome Fanconis syndrome or primary renal glycosuria.

Uses

Alone

  • Detection of glucosuria.

In combination

  • Serum glucose Blood biochemistry: glucose in diagnosis of diabetes mellitus Diabetes mellitus.

Result data

Normal (reference) values

  • Negative.

Abnormal values

Diabetes mellitus is the most common cause Diabetes mellitus

  • Proximal renal tubular dysfunction due to:
    • Early aminoglycoside toxicity Gentamicin.
    • Early amphotericin-B toxicity Amphotericin B.
    • Acute renal failure Kidney: acute renal failure.
    • Fanconi's syndrome Fanconis syndrome.
    • Primary renal glucosuria.

Errors and Artifacts

  • Refrigerated urine.
  • Urine collection into container contaminated with glucose, eg contaminated collection or storage container.
  • Increase:
    • Intravenous fluids containing dextrose.
    • Aminoglycoside toxicity Gentamicin.
  • Decrease:
    • Refrigerated urine.
    • Large amounts of ascorbic acid Vitamin C.
    • Tetracycline Oxytetracycline (ascorbic acid in formulation).
    • Salicylates Acetyl salicylic acid.
    • Ketones.
    • Low urine pH.

Sources

Publications

Refereed papers

  • Brobst D (1989) Urinalysis and associated laboratory procedures. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 19 (5), 929-949.
  • McCaw D L, Fleming E J & Mikiciuk M G (1989) Interpreting the results of urinalysis - a key to diagnosing renal disorders. Vet Med 84 (3), 281-286.

Other sources of information

  • Kaneko J J (1997) Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals. 5th edn. Harvey J W & Bruss M L (eds). Academic Press, Boston.
  • Duncan J R, Prasse K W & Mahaffy E A (1994) Veterinary Laboratory Medicine Clinical Pathology. 3rd edn. Iowa University Press, Ames, Iowa.

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