Blood biochemistry: phosphate

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Sections available in full article Overview, Uses, Sampling, Source of test material, Quantity of test material, Sample collection technique, Quality control, Test (s), Methodologies, Availability, Technique (intrinsic) limitations, Result data, Normal (reference) values, Abnormal values, Errors and Artifacts, Sources, Publications, Vetstream contributor(s),
Contributors Dr Kathleen P Freeman DVM MS PhD MRCVS
Synonyms PO4

Overview

  • Major component of bones and teeth (80-85% of phosphorus is bound there).
  • Major intracellular anion.
  • Also important in energy metabolism and acid-base balance.
  • Parathyroid hormone is main regulator - excreted through kidneys.
  • Marker of bone disease, parathyroid function and renal function.

Uses

In combination

  • Primary hyperparathyroidism Hyperparathyroidism (primary).
  • Hypercalcemia of malignancy Hypercalcemia: overview.
  • Renal failure Chronic renal failure.
  • Osteolytic bone tumor Bone: neoplasia.
  • Calciferol poisoning.

Result data

Normal (reference) values



UK
  • 0.8-1.6 mmol/l (mEq/l).
US
  • 2.5-6.0 mg/dl.
  • Conversion factor: g/dl x 0.3229 → mmol/l.

Abnormal values

Hyperphosphatemia Hyperphosphatemia
  • High phosphate diet (meat/offal).
  • Chronic renal failure Chronic renal failure.
  • Acute renal failure.
  • Fanconi's disease Fanconis syndrome (Basenji Basenji ).
  • Renal cortical hypoplasia Kidney: renal hypoplasia (Cocker Spaniel) English Cocker Spaniel.
  • Nephropathies (in Dobermann Dobermann and Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier
  • Osteolytic bone neoplasia Bone: neoplasia.
  • Hypervitaminosis D (calciferol poisoning Vitamin D poisoning (cholecalciferol) ).
  • Bladder rupture Bladder: trauma rupture.
  • Phosphate enema toxicity.
  • Intravascular hemolysis.
  • Tumor cell lysis.
  • Metabolic acidosis Acid base imbalance.
Hypophosphatemia Hypophosphatemia
  • Administration of oral phosphate-binding agents, eg aluminium hydroxide.
  • Hypercalcemia of malignancy Hypercalcemia: overview.
  • Primary hyperparathyroidism Hyperparathyroidism (primary).
  • Hyperadrenocorticism Hyperadrenocorticism.
  • Treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis Diabetes mellitus.
  • Eclampsia Puerperal tetany.
  • Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
  • Renal tubular disorders.
  • Respiratory alkalosis.
  • Hyperthermia.
  • Vitamin D deficiency.

Errors and Artifacts

False increase
  • Hemolysis or prolonged contact of serum with cells resulting in shift of phosphorus from inside cells into serum.
  • Varies according to age and breed.
  • Young dogs have high phosphorus.
  • Hemolysis may result in artefactual increase.

Sources

Publications

Other sources of information

  • Ettinger S J & Feldman E C (eds) (2000) Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine. 5th edn. Philadelphia: W B Saunders & Co.
  • Kaneko J J, Harvey J W & Brass M L (eds) (1997) Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals. 5th edn. Boston: Academic Press.
  • Duncan J R, Prasse K W & Mahaffey E A (1994) Veterinary Laboratory Medicine. Clinical Pathology. 3rd edn. Iowa: Iowa University Press.

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