Chloramphenicol

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Sections available in full article Name, Class of drug, Description, Uses, Administration, Routes of administration, Dosage, Pharmocokinetics, Normal, Physiological, variations, Pathological variations, Precautions, Use with care, Interactions, Adverse reactions, Sources, Publications,
Contributors

Name

  • Chloramphenicol.

Class of drug

  • Bacteriostatic antibiotic.

Uses

Action

  • Bacteriostatic antibiotic which binds to 50S ribosomal subunit of susceptible bacteria, thereby preventing bacterial protein synthesis.
  • Also (unlike erythromycin, lincomycin, clindamycin, tylosin) has affinity for mitochondrial ribosomes of rapidly proliferating mammalian cells, eg bone marrow, may → bone marrow suppression.

Indications



Gram-positive infections
  • Streptococci Streptococcus spp.
  • Staphylococci Staphylococcus spp.
Gram-negative infections
  • Salmonellaspp Salmonella spp.
  • Haemophilusspp.
Anaerobic infections
  • Clostridiumspp Clostridia spp.
  • Bacteroides fragilis Bacteroides fragilis.
Other sensitive organisms
  • Chlamydiaspp Chlamydia psittaci.
  • Mycoplasmaspp Mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas.
  • Rickettsiaspp.
  • Resistant organisms are Nocardia Nocardia spp , Mycobacteriumspp.
  • Acquired resistance may occur in Enterobacteriacae Enterobacter aerogenes (aerobacter aerogenes).

Adverse reactions

Other reported reactions

  • A dose-related reversible bone marrow suppression (all species but particularly in the cat).
  • Bone marrow depression (aplastic anemia).
  • Nausea.
  • Vomiting.
  • Diarrhea.
  • Erythema multiforme (humans).

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