Acetyl salicylic acid

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Sections available in full article Name, Class of drug, Description, Uses, Administration, Routes of administration, Dosage, Pharmocokinetics, Normal, Physiological, variations, Pathological variations, Precautions, Contra-indications, Interactions, Adverse reactions, Sources, Publications,
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Synonyms Aspirin

Name

  • Acetyl salicylic acid.

Class of drug

  • Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).

Uses

Action

  • As NSAID:
    • Inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 enzyme thereby limiting prostaglandin production.
    • Antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-platelet effects.

Indications

  • Control of mild to moderate pain.
  • Prevention of arterial thromboembolization.
  • Rheumatoid arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis.

Adverse reactions

Effects of overdosage

Severe toxicity (usually with an acute overdose) Aspirin toxicity
  • Vomiting, GI bleeding.
  • Pyrexia.
  • Metabolic acidosis.
  • Depression.
  • Coma, seizures.

Other reported reactions

  • Dose-related and reflect the pathophysiological changes associated with decreased prostaglandin synthesis:
    • → Gastrointestinal irritation and ulceration.
    • → Renal papillary necrosis (renal failure) particularly if hypotension, dehydration or other nephrotoxic drugs are present.
    • → Blood dyscrasias.
    • → Hepatotoxicity.

Antidote for overdose

Acute toxic ingestion
  • Empty the gastrointestinal tract.
  • Treat the acidosis.
  • Alkalinize the urine with sodium bicarbonate.
  • Supportive therapy.
  • Cytoprotection against gastric ulceration - give misoprostal Misoprostol.

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