Introduction
- Common in skin, digit and oral cavity, less common in iris and ciliary body of eye.
- Diagnosis : cytology, histopathology.
- Treatment : surgical resection +/- radiotherapy.
- Prognosis : majority of skin melanomas are benign, as are iris and ciliary body melanomas.
- Melanomas of digits and oral cavity are malignant.
Sequelae
Prognosis
Benign
- Good but further benign tumors can appear.
- Secondary spread is common.
Reasons for treatment failure
- Local recurrence following inadequate surgical excision.
- Secondary spread.
Sources
Publications
Refereed papers
- Recent references from PubMed.
- Rassnick K M, Ruslander D M, Cotter S M et al(2001) Use of carboplatin for treatment of dogs with malignant melanoma - 27 cases (1989-2000). J Am Vet Med Assoc 218 (9), 1444-1448.
- Ramos-Vara J A, Beissenherz M E, Miller M A et al(2000) Retrospective study of 338 canine oral melanomas with clinical, histologic, and immunohistochemical review of 129 cases. Vet Pathol 37 (6), 597-608.
- MacEwen E G, Kurzman I D, Vail D M et al(1999) Adjuvant therapy for melanoma in dogs - results of randomized clinical trials using surgery, liposome-encapsulated muramyl tripeptide, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Clin Cancer Res 5 (12), 4249-4258.
- Roels S, Tilmant K & Ducatelle R. (1999) PCNA and Ki67 proliferation markers as criteria for prediction of clinical behavior of melanocytic tumors in cats and dogs. J Comp Pathol 121 (1), 13-24.
- Blackwood L & Dobson J M (1996) Radiotherapy of oral malignant melanomas in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 209 (1), 98-102.
- Marino D J, Matthiesen D T, Stefanacci J D & Moroff S D (1995) Evaluation of dogs with digit masses - 117 cases (1981-1991). J Am Vet Med Assoc 207 (6), 726-728.
- Bateman K E, Catton P A, Pennock P W & Kruth S A (1994) 0-7-21 radiation therapy for the treatment of canine oral melanoma. J Vet Intern Med 8 (4), 267-272.
- MacEwen E G, Patnaik A K, Harvey H J, Hayes A A & Matus R (1986) Canine oral melanoma - comparison of surgery versus surgery plus Corynebacterium parvum. Cancer Invest 4 (5), 397-402.
- Aronsohn M G & Carpenter J L (1990) Distal extremity melanocytic nevi and malignant melanomas in dogs. JAAHA 26 , 605-612.













