Brush border membrane disease

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Sections available in full article Introduction, Presenting signs, Pathogenesis, Etiology, Predisposing factors, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Client history, Clinical signs, Diagnostic investigation, Confirmation of diagnosis, Differential diagnosis, Treatment, Standard treatment, Monitoring, Sequelae, Prognosis, Expected response to treatment, Reasons for treatment failure, Sources, Publications, Vetstream contributor(s),
Contributors Mr James Simpson SDA BVM&S MPhil MRCVS
Dr Rance Sellon DVM PhD DipACVIM

Introduction

  • Cause : primary deficiencies of brush border enzymes, eg lactase, sucrase - mainly theoretical in dogs.
  • Secondary deficiencies of disaccharidase, brush border peptidase due to bacterial overgrowth or small intestinal diseases, eg eosinophilic enteritis, lymphocytic enteritis.
  • Signs : chronic diarrhea.
  • Prognosis : good with treatment.

Diagnosis

Clinical signs

  • Poor body/coat condition.

Diagnosis

Differential diagnosis

  • Same as maldigestion Maldigestion or malabsorption.
  • Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency , antibiotic-responsive diarrhea and food-responsive diarrhea are important differential diagnoses.
  • Infiltrative disease such as lymphoplasmacytic enteritis and intestinal lymphoma can, in some animals, have overlapping clinical features.

Sequelae

Prognosis

  • Good if any underlying cause recognized and treatment started.

Expected response to treatment

  • Resolution of diarrhea.

Reasons for treatment failure

  • Owner non-compliance - failure to restrict diet.
  • Incorrect diagnosis.

Sources

Publications

Refereed papers

  • Recent references from PubMed.
  • Pemberton P W et al(1997) An aminopeptidase N deficiency in dog small intestine. Res Vet Sci 63 , 195-198.
  • Fyfe J C et al(1991) Defective brush-border expression of intrinsic factor-cobalamin receptor in canine inherited intestinal cobalamin malabsorption. J Biol Chem 266 , 4489-4494.
  • Batt R M (1990) Relationship between diet and malabsorption in dogs. JSAP 3 , 489-493.
  • Batt R M (1989) Chronic enteropathies in the dog. JSAP 30 , 3-12.

Other sources of information

  • Harris J T et al(1985) Congenital and inherited defects of enterocytes. In: Disorders of the Small Intestine. Booth C C, Neale G (editors), Blackwells, Oxford. p52.

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