Skin: histiocytoma

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Sections available in full article Introduction, Presenting signs, Geographic incidence, Age predisposition, Breed predisposition, Cost considerations, Pathogenesis, Etiology, Pathophysiology, Timecourse (incubation, duration), Diagnosis, Presenting problems, Client history, Clinical signs, Diagnostic investigation, Confirmation of diagnosis, Differential diagnosis, Treatment, Initial symptomatic treatment, Subsequent management, Sequelae, Prognosis, Expected response to treatment, Reasons for treatment failure, Sources, Publications, Vetstream contributor(s),
Contributors Dr Rosanna Marsella DVM DipACVD
Dr Richard Squires BVSc PhD DVR DipACVIM MRCVS

Introduction

  • Benign tumor of the skin, common in dogs, rare in other species.
  • Accounts for up to 14% of all skin tumors in dogs.
  • Signs : usually solitary, occasionally multiple. There is an extremely rare form which is malignant.
  • Diagnosis : history, clinical signs, cytopathology.
  • Treatment : surgical excision.
  • Prognosis : excellent; if incomplete resection, can recur.

Diagnosis

Clinical signs

  • Non painful, 'button-like' intradermal lesion.
  • Hairless or with ulcerated surface.
  • Clinical Signs - Common.
  • Most 1-2 cm diameter.

Diagnosis

Differential diagnosis

  • Other round cell tumors:
    • Lymphoma Lymphoma
    • Mast cell tumor Skin: mastocytoma
    • Transmissible venereal tumor Skin: transmissible venereal tumor
    • Melanoma Skin: melanoma
  • Non-neoplastic:
    • Chronic inflammatory lesion.
    • Insect bites.
    • Foreign body reaction.
  • Histiocytic proliferative dermatitis.
  • Other histiocytic disease, eg cutaneous histiocytosis Malignant histiocytosis.
  • Other dermal neoplasia Skin: neoplasia.

Sequelae

Prognosis

  • Excellent
  • If incompletely resected, can re-occur.

Expected response to treatment

  • Often regress spontaneously.
  • Uncommon for new masses to develop once animal is >2 years old.

Reasons for treatment failure

  • Incorrect diagnosis - particularly mast cell tumor mimicking histiocytoma.
  • Rarely malignant form of histiocytoma present.

Sources

Publications

Other sources of information

  • Kipar A, Baumgarter W, Kremmer E, Frese K & Weiss E (1998) Expression of major histocompatability complex class II antigen in neoplastic cells of canine cutaneous histiocytoma. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 62 (1), 1-13.
  • Withrow S J & MacEwen E G (1996) Small Animal Clinical Oncology. W B Saunders.
  • Moore P F, Schrenzel M D, Affolter V K, Olivry T and Nayden D (1996) Canine cutaneous histiocytoma is an epridermatrophic Langerhans cell histiocytosis that expresses CD1 and specific beta 2-integrin molecules. Am J Pathol 148 (5), 1699-1708.
  • Marchel T, Dezutter-Dambuyant C, Fournal C, Magnol J P & Schmitt D (1995) Immunophenotypic and ultrastructural evidence of the Langerhans cell origin of the canine cutaneous histiocytoma. Acta Anat (Basel) 153 (3) 189-202.
  • Marchel T, Dezutter-Dambuyant C, Fournal C, Magnol J P & Schmitt D (1995) Electromicroscopic study of canine cutaneous histiocytoma - a benign Langerhans cell tumour. Adv Exp Med Biol 378 549-551.
  • Bender W M & Muller G H (1989) Multiple resolving cutaneous histiocytoma in a dog. JAVMA 194 535-577.

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