Skin: pemphigus erythematosus

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Sections available in full article Introduction, Presenting signs, Breed predisposition, Cost considerations, Pathogenesis, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Presenting problems, Client history, Clinical signs, Diagnostic investigation, Confirmation of diagnosis, Differential diagnosis, Treatment, Standard treatment, Monitoring, Sequelae, Prognosis, Sources, Publications, Vetstream contributor(s),
Contributors Dr Richard Squires BVSc PhD DVR DipACVIM MRCVS
Prof Douglass Macintire DVM MS DipACVIM DipACVECC

Introduction

  • Rare benign focal form of pemphigus foliaceus Skin: pemphigus foliaceus , shares some features of discoid lupus erythematosus Skin: discoid lupus erythematosus.
  • Cause : varied.
  • Signs : erythema, pustular dermatitis on face ( periocular, junction of nasal planum to haired skin, occasionally lip margins) and ears, nasal depigmentation.
  • Diagnosis : history, clinical signs, histopathology.
  • Treatment : immunosuppressive chemotherapy.
  • Prognosis : good.

Diagnosis

Clinical signs

  • Erythematous, pustular dermatitis, or crusting lesions on face and ears.
  • Nasal depigmentation → photo-aggravation of disease.
  • Scales, crusts and erosions.
  • No systemic illness.
  • Variable pain and pruritus.
  • Involvement of paws, footpads, and genitalia (rarely).
  • Epidermal fragility (Nikolsky sign) may be present.

Diagnosis

Differential diagnosis

  • Bacterial folliculitis Skin: deep folliculitis and furunculosis.
  • Dermatophytosis Skin: dermatophytosis.
  • Demodicosis Skin: demodectic mange.
  • Lupus erythematosus (discoid Skin: discoid lupus erythematosus ) (systemic Systemic lupus erythematosus ).
  • Seborrhea Skin: primary seborrhea.
  • Dermatomyositis Skin: familial dermatomyositis.
  • Drug eruption Skin: toxic epidermal necrolysis.
  • Subcorneal pustular dermatosis.
  • Zinc-responsive dermatosis Zinc deficiency.
  • Cutaneous lymphoma (epitheliotropic) Skin: epitheliotropic lymphoma.
  • Eosinophilic furunculosis Skin: eosinophilic folliculitis and furunculosis.
  • Pemphigus foliaceus Skin: pemphigus foliaceus.

Sequelae

Prognosis

  • Reasonably good.

Sources

Publications

Refereed papers

  • White S D, Rosychuk R A, Reinke S I et al(1992) Use of tetracycline and niacinamide for treatment of autoimmune skin disease in 31 dogs. JAVMA 220 , 1497-1500.
  • Carloti D (1989) Autoimmunemediated skin disease. JSAP 30 , 223-227.
  • Carlotti D (1989) Proceedings of 1987 symposium on skin disease at Lanwade Hall, Newmarket JSAP 30 , 223-227 (Illustrated with color photos).
  • Johnson B W & Campbell K L (1989) Dermatoses of the canine eyelid. Comp Cont Ed Pract Vet 11 , 385-394.
  • Griffin C E (1987) Diagnosis and management of primary auto-immune skin diseases - a review. Seminars in Veterinary Medicine and Surgery 2 , 173-185.

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