Phaeochromocytoma

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Sections available in full article Introduction, Presenting signs, Age predisposition, Special risks (e.g. anesthetic), Pathogenesis, Pathophysiology, Timecourse (incubation, duration), Diagnosis, Presenting problems, Client history, Clinical signs, Diagnostic investigation, Confirmation of diagnosis, Differential diagnosis, Treatment, Standard treatment, Monitoring, Sequelae, Prognosis, Sources, Publications, Vetstream contributor(s),
Contributors Dr David Bruyette DVM DipACVIM

Introduction

  • Cause : tumors derived from chromaffin cells in adrenal medulla; occasionally extra-adrenal.
  • May be malignant; if so, may invade caudal vena cava or metastasize to lung, liver or bone.
  • Signs : can be incidental finding at PM or vague systemic signs, ie intermittent tachycardia, hypertension, excitability, ataxia and collapse.
  • Diagnosis : radiography, biochemistry, hematology.
  • Treatment : surgery.
  • Prognosis : good if surgery successful, no metastases, concurrent illness treated also.

Diagnosis

Clinical signs

  • Dyspnea/tachypnea.
  • Depression.
  • Weakness.
  • Edema.
  • Tachycardia/arrhythmia/murmur.
  • Pallor or hyperemia.
  • Palpable abdominal mass.
  • Muscle wastage.
  • Abdominal pain.
  • Blindness.

Diagnosis

Differential diagnosis

  • Pheochromocytoma can appear on virtually any differential diagnosis list.

Sequelae

Prognosis

  • Good if surgically excisable → no metastases → no concurrent disease.

Sources

Publications

Refereed papers

  • Louvet A, Lazard P & Denis B (2005) Phaeochromocytoma treated by en bloc resection including the suprarenal caudal vena cava in a dog . JSAP 46 , 591-596.
  • Rosenstein D S (2000) Diagnostic imaging in canine pheochromocytoma. Vet Rad Ultra 41 (6), 499-506.
  • Schoeman J P & Stidworthy M F (2001) Budd-Chiari-like syndrome associated with an adrenal phaeochromocytoma in a dog. JSAP 42 , 191-194.
  • Platt S R et al(1998) Pheochromocytoma in the vertebral canal of two dogs. JAAHA 34 , 365-371.
  • Thuroczy J et al(1998) Multiple endocrine neoplasms in a dog - corticotrophic tumor, bilateral adrenocortical tumors, and pheochromocytoma. Vet Quart 20 , 56-61.
  • Barthez P Y et al(1997) Pheochromocytoma in dogs - 61 cases (1984-1995) JVIM 11 , 272-278.
  • Bouayad H et al(1987) Pheochromocytoma in dogs - 13 cases (1980-1985). JAVMA 191 , 1610.
  • Twedt D C & Wheeler S L (1984) Pheochromocytoma in the dog. Vet Clin N Am 14 , 767.

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